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Report node DNS info with --node-ip

**What this PR does / why we need it**:
This PR adds `ExternalDNS`, `InternalDNS`, and `ExternalIP` info for kubelets with the `--nodeip` flag enabled. 

**Which issue(s) this PR fixes** 
Fixes #63158

**Special notes for your reviewer**:

I added a field to the Kubelet to make IP validation more testable (`validateNodeIP` relies on the `net` package and the IP address of the host that is executing the test.) I also converted the test to use a table so new cases could be added more easily.

**Release Notes**
```release-note
Report node DNS info with --node-ip flag
```

@andrewsykim
@nckturner 

/sig node
/sig network