Automatic merge from submit-queue (batch tested with PRs 53592, 52562, 55175, 55213). If you want to cherry-pick this change to another branch, please follow the instructions <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/cherry-picks.md">here</a>.

Refactor kube-scheduler config API, command, and server setup

Refactor the kube-scheduler configuration API, command setup, and server setup according to the guidelines established in #32215 and using the kube-proxy refactor (#34727) as a model of a well factored component adhering to said guidelines.

* Config API: clarify meaning and use of algorithm source by replacing modality derived from bools and string emptiness checks with an explicit AlgorithmSource type hierarchy.
* Config API: consolidate client connection config with common structs.
* Config API: split and simplify healthz/metrics server configuration.
* Config API: clarify leader election configuration.
* Config API: improve defaulting.
* CLI: deprecate all flags except `--config`.
* CLI: port all flags to new config API.
* CLI: refactor to match kube-proxy Cobra command style.
* Server: refactor away configurator.go to clarify application wiring.
* Server: refactor to more clearly separate wiring/setup from running.

Fixes https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/52428.

@kubernetes/api-reviewers 
@kubernetes/sig-cluster-lifecycle-pr-reviews 
@kubernetes/sig-scheduling-pr-reviews 

/cc @ncdc @timothysc @bsalamat

```release-note
The kube-scheduler command now supports a `--config` flag which is the location of a file containing a serialized scheduler configuration. Most other kube-scheduler flags are now deprecated.
```