Automatic merge from submit-queue (batch tested with PRs 60455, 61365, 61375, 61597, 61491). If you want to cherry-pick this change to another branch, please follow the instructions <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/cherry-picks.md">here</a>.

Fix #61363, Bounded retries for cloud allocator.

**What this PR does / why we need it**:

**Which issue(s) this PR fixes** *(optional, in `fixes #<issue number>(, fixes #<issue_number>, ...)` format, will close the issue(s) when PR gets merged)*:
Fixes #61363

**Special notes for your reviewer**:
Changed the tracking of nodesInProcessing from a set to map[string]int so that we can count the
number of times we re-process the node and not re-queue in case updateMaxRetries exceeded.

**Release note**:

```release-note
Bound cloud allocator to 10 retries with 100 ms delay between retries.
```