Automatic merge from submit-queue (batch tested with PRs 66793, 67405, 67068, 67501, 67484). If you want to cherry-pick this change to another branch, please follow the instructions <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/cherry-picks.md">here</a>.

kubeadm: Remove images from the context of kubeletFailTempl

**What this PR does / why we need it**:

Since #66658 kubeletFailTempl no longer contains any images, thus we don't need to fill them
in its context.

**Which issue(s) this PR fixes** *(optional, in `fixes #<issue number>(, fixes #<issue_number>, ...)` format, will close the issue(s) when PR gets merged)*:
None

**Special notes for your reviewer**:

/cc @kubernetes/sig-cluster-lifecycle-pr-reviews
/area kubeadm
/kind cleanup
/assign @timothysc
/assign @fabriziopandini

**Release note**:

```release-note
NONE
```