Fix build breakage from commit ea639269

Closes https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/589

This makes the configuration error more visible, possibly addressing
one part of https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/589

Add a `constexpr` constructor and several `constexpr` methods to
construct a DecoderPlugin at compile time, in a way which allows
adding new methods later without having to edit each plugin.

Since we switched from autotools to Meson in commit
94592c14, we don't need to include
`config.h` early to properly enable large file support.  Meson passes
the required macros on the compiler command line instead of defining
them in `config.h`.

This means we can include `config.h` at any time, whenever we want to
check its macros, and there are no ordering constraints.

Replaces decoder_data() and others.

Replaces decoder_initialized().

Prepare for a Decoder API redesign based on an abstract class with
virtual methods.

The old struct config_param remains only for top-level string options.

The new class Path only holds a string pointer without being
responsible for allocation/deallocation.  The FileSystem.hxx library
accepts Path arguments instead of AllocatedPath, to avoid forcing
callers to allocate another string object.