support for chaining ogg opus streams to enable changing stream' metadata on the fly.
currently support is opt-in (enabled by additional option) because lots of clients can't handle this properly yet.

it was uninitialized before

Don't require a quality or bitrate setting.  If nothing is set, don't
fail startup - just go with a good default.  A quality setting of 3 is
what "oggenc" defaults to as well.

The destructor will call this in any case.

Rename struct Encoder to PreparedEncoder, and add a new (abstract)
class Encoder which represents one encoder instance.

Copy to encoder->audio_format *after* adjusting the sample format to
S24_P32.

Fixes http://bugs.musicpd.org/view.php?id=4433

Not initialising granulepos leads to it having arbitrary values in the
encoded stream including possibly negative values which are not valid
and confuse opusdec.  Explicitly initialise opus_encoder::granulepos
to avoid that problem.

The old struct config_param remains only for top-level string options.

Replaces g_ascii_strup() and allows building the Vorbis encoder
without GLib.

The "written" argument to shine_encode_buffer() and shine_flush() was
changed from "long" to "int", which breaks API and ABI compatibility.
This is a big deal, and it doesn't seem worthwile to keep support for
the (broken) 3.0 release.

Enables using range-based "for".