Applying software volume to S16 samples means several bits of
precision are lost; at 25% volume, two bits are lost.  Additionally,
dithering adds some noise.

The problem gets worse when you apply the software volume code twice:
for the software mixer volume, and again for the replay gain.  This
loses some more precision and adds even more dithering noise, which
can become audible (see
https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/542).

By converting everything to 24 bit, we need to shift only two bits to
the right instead of ten, losing nearly no precision, and dithering is
not needed.  Even if the output device is unable to play S24 directly,
we can convert back to S16 with only one stage of dithering.

Closes https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/542

Prepare for a new mode which may convert to a different sample format
when applying volume, to reduce dithering.

Since we switched from autotools to Meson in commit
94592c14, we don't need to include
`config.h` early to properly enable large file support.  Meson passes
the required macros on the compiler command line instead of defining
them in `config.h`.

This means we can include `config.h` at any time, whenever we want to
check its macros, and there are no ordering constraints.

Avoid GLib.

Prepare for adding state.

Replaces GLib's GError.

Some compilers are very picky, but we really aren't interested in the
return value.

Some compilers are very picky, but we really aren't interested in the
return value.

The other audio_format attributes are not used.

Declaring the global variable _CRT_fmode is a documented hack.  What
an ugly platform!

This patch prepares support for floating point samples (and probably
other formats).  It changes the meaning of the "bits" attribute from a
bit count to a symbolic value.

Assign default value only if none was given on the command line.

After we've been hit by Large File Support problems several times in
the past week (which only occur on 32 bit platforms, which I don't
have), this is yet another attempt to fix the issue.

An asterisk means that this attribute should not be enforced, and
stays whatever it used to be.  This way, some configuration values
work like masks.

It makes no difference right now, but we're about to add an endianness
flag and will want to make sure it's correctly initialised every time.

This updates the copyright header to all be the same, which is
pretty much an update of where to mail request for a copy of the GPL
and the years of the MPD project. This also puts all committers under
'The Music Player Project' umbrella. These entries should go
individually in the AUTHORS file, for consistancy.

Fix a gcc warning.