When there are standardized headers, use these instead of the bloated
os_compat.h.

Fix a "signed/unsigned comparison warning", and several void pointer
math warnings.

This will allow both the reader and writer threads to
reset the ringbuffer in a thread-safe fashion.

git-svn-id: https://svn.musicpd.org/mpd/trunk@7390 09075e82-0dd4-0310-85a5-a0d7c8717e4f

This will eliminate unnecessary calls to ringbuf_{read,write}_space

git-svn-id: https://svn.musicpd.org/mpd/trunk@7389 09075e82-0dd4-0310-85a5-a0d7c8717e4f

This piece of code is from the JACK Audio Connection Kit
(trimmed down a bit for better readability).

The vector functions now reuse the common iovec struct used by
writev/readv instead of reinventing an identical but
differently-named struct.

From the comments:
> ISO/POSIX C version of Paul Davis's lock free ringbuffer C++ code.
> This is safe for the case of one read thread and one write thread.

License is LGPL 2.1 or later

git-svn-id: https://svn.musicpd.org/mpd/trunk@7386 09075e82-0dd4-0310-85a5-a0d7c8717e4f