These bug reports describe problems with some FFmpeg codecs:

 https://bugs.musicpd.org/view.php?id=4564
 https://bugs.musicpd.org/view.php?id=4568
 https://bugs.musicpd.org/view.php?id=4572

According to the FFmpeg bug tracker, a call to
avcodec_parameters_to_context() is required after
avcodec_alloc_context3():

 https://trac.ffmpeg.org/ticket/5781

This requirement was previously undocumented.