More preparations for multi-player support.

This is the beginning of multi-player support.  There will be support
for multiple Partition objects in one MPD process.

Move the configuration lookup to Main.cxx.

Allocate a player_control object where needed, and pass it around.
Each "client" object is associated with a "player_control" instance.

This prepares multi-player support.

After we've been hit by Large File Support problems several times in
the past week (which only occur on 32 bit platforms, which I don't
have), this is yet another attempt to fix the issue.

Renamed all playlist functions to non-CamelCase.

Those were only wrappers for playlist_state_{save,restore}().  Since
sf_callbacks has been removed, we can call the latter functions
directly.

This updates the copyright header to all be the same, which is
pretty much an update of where to mail request for a copy of the GPL
and the years of the MPD project. This also puts all committers under
'The Music Player Project' umbrella. These entries should go
individually in the AUTHORS file, for consistancy.

Export the "g_playlist" variable, and pass it to all playlist
functions.  This way, we can split playlist.c easier into separate
parts.  The code which initializes the singleton variable is moved to
playlist_global.c.

1024 is 2^10, and allows gcc to use bit shift operations instead of
multiplication / division.

In generic PCM functions allowing all sample formats, pass a void
pointer instead of a char pointer.

Moved the software volume code to a separate library.

Don't use libc's rand() function, because it is slow.  Our own trivial
linear congruential generator is good enough for dithering.

redirect_stdin() is a daemonization function, and disconnecting from
the standard input is always a good idea for MPD.

Prepare for the migration to the GLib option parser, which uses
gboolean for flags.

"LOG_H" is a macro which is also used by ffmpeg/log.h.  This is
ffmpeg's fault, because short macros should be reserved for
applications, but since it's always a good idea to choose prefixed
macro names, even for applications, we are going to do that in MPD.

When there are standardized headers, use these instead of the bloated
os_compat.h.

Similar to decoder_control.c, output_control.c will provide functions
for controlling the output thread (which will be implemented later).

This function is declared, but is neither used nor implemented.

Instead of having to register each output plugin, store them
statically in an array.  This eliminates the need for the List library
here, and saves some small allocations during startup.

Also rename AudioOutputPlugin to struct audio_output_plugin, and use
forward declarations to reduce include dependencies.

Just like decoder_api.h, output_api.h provides the audio output API
which is used by the plugins.

Get rid of CamelCase, and don't use a typedef, so we can
forward-declare it, and unclutter the include dependencies.

Getting rid of CamelCase; not having typedefs also allows us to
forward-declare the structures.