Closes https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/1156

Preparing for a variant of TimerEvent with coarse 1-second
granularity, but cheaper (with a timer wheel).

Increasing the protocol version to 0.22.4 to allow clients to detect
this feature.

Closes https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/1038

The former is deprecated with C++14. The standard says both are the same:

The contents and meaning of the header<cstddef>are the same as the C
standard library header<stddef.h>,except that it does not declare the type
wchar_t, that it also declares the type byte and its associated
operations (21.2.5), and as noted in 21.2.3 and 21.2.4.
Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com>

For efficient traversal within one partition, e.g. for distributing
partition-local idle events.

This reverts commit 58d7804d.  It
caused a use-after-free bug when Client::OnSocketError() was called
due to a failed write, e.g. if the output buffer was full.

Since we switched from autotools to Meson in commit
94592c14, we don't need to include
`config.h` early to properly enable large file support.  Meson passes
the required macros on the compiler command line instead of defining
them in `config.h`.

This means we can include `config.h` at any time, whenever we want to
check its macros, and there are no ordering constraints.

Prepare for per-listener permissions.

Passing it by value is actually smaller (32 bit) than the rvalue
reference (64 bit pointer), and it ensures that the object is consumed
after the call returns, no matter how the methods are implemented.

See commit 71f0ed8b

The "pure" and "const" attributes are not so well-defined, and a
recent clang version implements an optimization which pushes the
definition's boundary beyond what I believed it was.  clang now
assumes that functions declared "pure" cannot throw exceptions, even
if they lack the "noexcept" specification.

When compiled with this new clang version, MPD will crash randomly if
an exception happens to get thrown by such as "pure" function
(https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/41).

This commit removes all such misplaced "pure" and "const" attributes,
closing #41.

This eliminates some overhead, because the compiler doesn't need to
consider these functions throwing.